Barrier layer and use thereof in coating systems on plastic substrates

ABSTRACT

A coating material for producing a barrier layer on a plastic substrate includes an isocyanate-containing hardener component and a hydroxy-functional binder component. The hydroxy-functional binder component includes an aqueous polymer dispersion which includes a polyphenylene ether or a copolymer of fluorinated ethylene and a vinyl ether, glass hollow bodies, and at least one of an inorganic filler and an inorganic pigment.

CROSS REFERENCE TO PRIOR APPLICATIONS

This application is a U.S. National Phase application under 35 U.S.C.§371 of International Application No. PCT/DE2015/000475, filed on Sep.30, 2015 and which claims benefit to German Patent Application No. 102014 014 098.9, filed on Sep. 30, 2014. The International Applicationwas published in German on Apr. 7, 2016 as WO 2016/050231 A1 under PCTArticle 21(2).

FIELD

The present invention relates to coating materials for producing abarrier layer, and to their use in coating systems for substrates ofplastics as well as to processes for the preparation of a coatingcontaining a barrier layer.

BACKGROUND

Components which are produced from fiber plastic composite materials orfrom thermoplastics generally have a non-uniform, rough surface. Theinserted fibers are present on the surface and pores and voids appearwhich arise during the solidification of thermoplastics or during thecuring of a duromeric resin matrix. This interference to the surface isparticularly undesirable in the edge and in visible areas.

Components made of fiber plastic composite material are frequently usedfor the finishing or lining of vehicle interior spaces. Components whichare used for finishing or lining in interior spaces of vehicles fortransporting passengers are referred to below as interior components.The visible surfaces of the components used are provided with anindividual decor for the equipment or the optical design of the vehicleinterior. In this case, a decor can comprise both color patterns as wellas three-dimensional structures of the surface.

Interior components must generally be provided with a multilayer primerto obtain a smooth, varnishable surface. Commonly used coating systemsconsist of two filling layers and two top coat layers. This structuretherefore has a high surface weight. This is particularlydisadvantageous in vehicles in which weight plays a role, for example,for aircraft. A further disadvantage of the customary coating systems isthe long process time of the application methods which is caused by therequired flash-off and curing times of the individual layers. Thefilling layers must also be ground before the application of the nextrespectively layer to obtain a smooth surface. Conventional processesare thus very labor-intensive and are correspondingly expensive.

SUMMARY

An aspect of the present invention is to provide improved coatings forplastic substrates, in particular for substrates made of thermoplasticplastics and substrates made of fiber plastic composite materials, whichform improved surfaces, in particular smoother surfaces, with simplerhandling.

In an embodiment, the present invention provides a coating material forproducing a barrier layer on a plastic substrate which includes anisocyanate-containing hardener component and a hydroxy-functional bindercomponent. The hydroxy-functional binder component comprise an aqueouspolymer dispersion comprising a polyphenylene ether or a copolymer offluorinated ethylene and a vinyl ether, glass hollow bodies, and atleast one of an inorganic filler and an inorganic pigment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In an embodiment, the present invention provides a coating material forproducing a barrier layer which has a hydroxy-functional bindercomponent and an isocyanate-containing hardener component. The bindercomponent comprises a combination of hydroxy-functional, aqueous polymerdispersions, glass hollow bodies, and inorganic fillers and/or inorganicpigments. During curing, the glass hallow bodies and fillers aresurprisingly embedded in a densely cross-linked resin matrix withoutmajor disturbing effects. A stable coating with a very smooth surface isthereby formed. A good result is achieved even with the application of asingle layer onto the surface of a component. The coating materialsaccording to the present invention can therefore be used to constructprimers. The primers thus obtained can be painted directly with thedesired decorative and topcoats without a further post-treatment. For adry film thickness of at most 50 μm, the coatings according to thepresent invention exhibit particularly high resistance to mechanical andchemical stresses.

According to the present invention, the binder component containshydroxy-functional polymer dispersions in water with a nonvolatilecontent of from 20 to 60 wt %, based on the total weight of thedispersion, for example, 30 to 50 wt %, or, for example, 35 to 45 wt %.Suitable polymers are polyphenylene ethers or copolymers of fluorinatedethylene and vinyl ethers. Copolymers of fluorinated ethylene and vinylethers can, for example, be used. The polymer dispersions according tothe present invention have a hydroxyl number of from 60 to 100 mg KOH/g,based on the polymer, for example, 70 to 90 mg KOH/g, or, for example,75 to 85 mg KOH/g. The polymer dispersion is used in amounts rangingfrom 10 to 40 wt %, based on the total weight of the binder component,for example, in amounts ranging from 15 to 35 wt %, or, for example, 20to 30 wt %.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the coating materials can,for example, have a pigment volume concentration from 40 to 80%, forexample, from 50 to 70%, or, for example, from 55 to 65%. The pigmentvolume concentration is defined as the ratio of the total volume of allsolid particles which are not involved in the film formation to thetotal volume of the non-volatile constituents.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the binder component can, forexample, comprise from 10 to 30 vol %, for example, from 15 to 25 vol %,or, for example, from 16 to 20 vol %, of glass ceramic bodies based onthe total volume of the binder component. Suitable glass hollow bodiesare, for example, glass hollow spheres. Thin-walled single-cell glasshollow spheres made of borosilicate glasses with a wall thickness of0.65 to 0.80 μm, for example, of 0.70 to 0.75 μm can, for example, beused. The glass spheres furthermore have an average particle size of 10to 40 μm, for example, 13 to 32 μm, or, for example, 18 to 23 μm. Theyalso have a nominal density of 0.4 to 0.5 g/m³, for example, of about0.46 g/m³. With a filling of 5%, they exhibit an alkaline pH value inwater in the range from 8 to 12, for example, from 9 to 11.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the binder component can, forexample, comprise 5 to 40 wt %, for example, 10 to 30 wt %, or, forexample, 15 to 25 wt %, of inorganic fillers and/or inorganic pigmentsbased on the total weight of the binder component.

Suitable fillers are, for example, carbonates such as chalk, limestonepowder, calcite, precipitated calcium carbonate, dolomite and bariumcarbonate, sulfates such as barite, blanc fixe and calcium sulfate,silicates such as talcum, pyrophyllite, chlorite, hornblende and mica,kaolin, wollastonite, shale flour, precipitated calcium silicates,precipitated aluminum silicates, precipitated calcium aluminumsilicates, precipitated sodium aluminum silicates, feldspar, mullite,silicas, such as quartz, fused silica, cristobalite, diatomaceous earth,silica, precipitated silica and pyrogenic silica, pumice flour, perlite,calcium metasilicates, fibers of glass or basalt melt, glass flour andslags. Fillers according to the present invention can, for example, beprecipitated calcium carbonate, sulfates such as barite and blanc fixe,silicates such as talcum, pyrophyllite, chlorite, hornblende and mica.Talcum can in particular be used.

Suitable pigments are all known inorganic pigments which are familiar tothose skilled in the art, such as titanium dioxide, zinc sulfide,lithopones, basic lead carbonate, basic lead sulfate, basic leadsilicate, zinc oxide, antimony oxide, iron oxide yellow, chrome yellow,cadmium yellow, nickel titanium yellow, chrome orange, molybdenumorange, cadmium orange, red iron oxide, cadmium red, copper oxide,molybdate red, ultramarine red, mixed phase red, mineral violet, manganviolet, ultramarine violet, iron blue, ultramarine blue, cobalt blue,chromoxide green, chromoxihydrate green, ultramarine green, mixed phasegreen pigments, iron oxide brown, mixed phase brown, iron oxide black,antimony sulfide, graphite, gas black, thermal black, furnace black,lamp black or acetylene black. Titanium dioxide, zinc sulfide,lithopone, zinc oxide, antimony oxide, iron oxide yellow, nickeltitanium yellow, molybdenum orange, iron oxide red, copper oxide,molybdenum red, ultramarine red, mixed phase red, mineral violet,manganese violet, ultramarine violet, iron blue, ultramarine blue,cobalt blue, chromoxide green, chromoxidhydrate green, ultramarinegreen, mixed phase green pigments, iron oxide brown, mixed-phase brown,iron oxide black, antimony sulfide, graphite, gas black, thermal black,furnace black, flame black or acetylene black can, for example, be used.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the coating materialsaccording to present the invention can, for example, additionallycomprise flame retardants. Fire protection regulations generally applyto personal transport vehicles whose interior components must complytherewith. The requirements for flammability, smoke and toxicity of thesubstances released in case of fire are commonly referred to as FSTproperties (Flammability, Smoke, Toxicity). The flame resistance is theproperty of materials, products or components to resist the action offlames or sources of ignition, or the ability to prevent the spread offire by energetic, kinetic, chemical or mechanical means.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the binder component can, forexample, comprise from 10 to 40 vol %, for example, from 15 to 35 vol %,or, for example, from 20 to 30 vol %, of a flame retardant based on thetotal volume of the binder component. Suitable flame retardants are, forexample, inorganic flame retardants, flame retardants containinghalogen, nitrogen or boron, intumescent flame retardants, or mixturesthereof. Hydroxides, oxide hydrates and phosphates of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Znand Al, ammonium polyphosphates, borates such as barium metaborate,calcium metaborate, sodium tetrafluoroborate, potassiumtetrafluoroborate, zinc borates and sodium tetraborate decahydrate,antimony oxides such as antimony trioxide and antimony pentoxide incombination with halogen-containing organic flame retardants such asdecabromobiphenyl, red phosphorus, borax and expandable graphite can,for example, be used as flame retardants. Hydroxides, oxide hydrates andborates of Al, Mg and Zn, antimony pentoxide in combination withhalogen-containing organic flame retardants, such as, for example,decabromobiphenyl, and mixtures of two or more of the above mentionedflame retardants can, for example, be used.

The hardener component of the coating material according to the presentinvention contains one or more isocyanates. Suitable isocyanates are allisocyanates usually used to cure coating materials, such as, forexample, diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), as well as oligomers orpolymers based on tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), diphenylmethanediisocyanate (MDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), isophoronediisocyanate (IPDI), 4,4′-Diisocyanato dicyclohexylmethane (HMDI),m-xylylene diisocyanate (XDI), 1,6-diisocyanatotrimethylhexane (TMDI) ortetramethylxylylene diisocyanate (TMXDI). Mixtures of the isocyanatesmentioned can also be used. Oligomers based on hexamethylenediisocyanate (HDI) can, for example, be used as hardeners.

The binder component and the hardener component are used in a molarratio of the OH groups of the binder to the NCO groups of the hardenerin the range from 1:0.8 to 1:2.6, for example, from 1:1 to 1:2.2, or,for example, from 1:1.5 to 1:2.

The coating materials according to the present invention can, forexample, comprise the customary auxiliaries and additives which arefamiliar to a person skilled in the art, for example, wetting agents,rheology additives, or adhesion promoters. The coating materials cancontain up to 15 wt % of additives and auxiliaries based on the totalmass of the coating material.

The coating according to the present invention is particularly suitableas a barrier layer in coating systems for the priming of plastics andfiber-plastic composite materials, for example, for the priming ofglass- or carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics. These substrates haveparticularly uneven, rough surfaces due to their manufacture. The knowncoating materials must be applied in at least two layers in order toobtain a varnishable surface. The coatings according to the presentinvention show very smooth surfaces even in a single layer applicationwith a dry layer thickness have a maximum of 50 μm, to which thecustomary decorative and topcoats can be applied. They are in particularalso suitable as a primer for high-gloss finishes due to their verysmooth surface.

The coating systems according to the present invention have aconsiderably lower weight compared to the coating systems hitherto usedas a primer. Due to the smaller number of layers required, which must ineach case be applied and cured, the coatings according to the presentinvention can also be produced with markedly shortened process times.

By the addition of flame retardants, coatings according to the presentinvention, which are used as coating layers in coating systems, exhibitfire behavior and FST properties which correspond to the fire protectionrequirements customary in aviation. The surfaces according to thepresent invention also exhibit a high abrasion resistance and scratchresistance as well as a good cleaning ability. The coatings according tothe present invention can therefore be applied to surfaces of interiorcomponents. Such components are, for example, hatrack flaps, ceilingparts, interference cabinets, in particular doors and side walls,partition walls, cove light panels, doors and door frame linings,handrails, control elements for passenger service unit PSU, and windowpanels. The coatings according to the present invention can inparticular be used in coating systems for the decoration of interiorcomponents made of plastic-fiber composite materials of monolith orsandwich construction, such as are commonly used for interiorconstruction in aircraft or railway carriages.

The present invention also provides a method for coating plasticcomponents. Suitable plastics are, for example, thermoplastics such aspolyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polysulfone(PSU), polyetherimide (PEI), or polytetrafluoroethene (PTFE).High-temperature thermoplastics are particularly suitable. The methodfor coating components made of fiber-plastic composite materials canalso be used.

In step a, the component is thereby prepared by the surface beingcleaned, dried, and then sanded. In the following step b, a coatingmaterial according to the present invention is applied and dried orcured. In the last step c of the process according to the presentinvention, the customary decorative and topcoats are applied and dried.

The components to be coated must be free of release agents and otherimpurities. For this purpose, they can be cleaned before the applicationof the first layer by means of cold cleaners such as, for example,isopropanol. In an embodiment of the method according to the presentinvention, the component can, for example, be coated with a conductiveprimer before application of the first layer. Components which are to becoated with electrostatic application methods (ESTA process), such as,for example, fiber-plastic composites and high-temperature-resistantthermoplastics, are in particular provided with a conductive primer.Conductive primers are in this case coatings which produce conductivesurfaces, as are necessary in electrostatic application processes.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the component surface can,for example, be trowelled prior to application of the primer in order tocompensate for larger surface defects. Components which containthermoplastic or duromeric plastics in particular often have cavities.The term “cavity” refers to hollow spaces which occur during the settingor curing of the plastic resins. These surface defects are undesirablein the edge region and in the visible region. In order to obtain asmooth surface, spatulas or putty compounds are therefore applied to thesurface, hardened, and then ground smooth. According to the presentinvention, a coarse trowel layer is first applied, cured, and ground. Afine filler layer is subsequently applied, cured, and ground. Theapplied putty compounds can be cured, for example, by convection dryingor IR drying. In the case of convection drying, the applied filler layeris first vented at room temperature for 5 to 40 minutes, for example,for 20 to 35 minutes, or, for example, for about 30 minutes, and thendried at from 50 to 70° C., for example, at around 60° C., for a periodof 25 to 60 minutes, for example, about 30 minutes.

The coating material according to the present invention is then appliedto the thus prepared surface in step b to produce a barrier layer, andcured. Suitable application methods are, for example, electrostaticapplication methods and pneumatic compressed air injection processes. Amaterial pressure of 2.3 to 25 bar is used in electrostatic applicationprocesses, for example, at 50 mA. In pneumatic application processes,the process is carried out, for example, with nozzles of 1.1 to 1.8 mmat a nebulizer pressure of 3 to 4 bars. The coating obtained in step bis cut off after curing, for example, with 150 grade sandpaper.

The coating system obtained in the process according to the presentinvention has a dry-film thickness of 30 to 50 μm. This is significantlylower than the coatings obtained with conventional processes. In anembodiment of the process according to the present invention, thecoating materials described, which contain additional inorganic flameretardants, are used. Fire-retardant coatings and components will obtaina dry-film thickness of 30 to 50 μm, which meets the FST requirements ofaviation. The usual fire-resistant coating systems used to coat interiorcomponents in aviation have dry film thicknesses of between 100 and 200μm. In contrast to the coating systems according to the presentinvention, they additionally contain at least two fire protection fillerlayers.

EXAMPLES Example 1

Composition of a Barrier Layer According to the Present Invention

Binder Component

Content in Weight % Raw Material 27.0 Aqueous polymer dispersioncomprising copolymers of fluorinated ethylene and vinyl ethers with 40wt % of non- volatile fractions and a hydroxyl number of 85 mg KOH/g,based on the polymer 13.0 TiO₂ (pigments) 26.5 Barium sulfate (fillingmaterial) 3.8 Hollow spheres of glass 7.2 Talcum (filling material) 7.5Dispersion additives 0.5 Defoamers 1.0 Thickener 13.5 Water

Hardener Component

Content in Weight % Raw Material 80.0 Aliphatic polyisocyanate based onHDI 15.0 Adhesion agent 5.0 Aromatic hydrocarbons

Example 2

Composition of a FST Barrier Layer According to the Present Invention

Binder Component

Content in Weight % Raw material 27.0 Aqueous polymer dispersioncomprising copolymers of fluorinated ethylene and vinyl ethers with 40wt % of non- volatile fractions and a hydroxyl number of 85 mg KOH/g,based on the polymer 13.0 TiO₂ (pigments) 26.5 Al(OH)₃ (flame retardant)3.8 Hollow spheres of glass 7.2 Talcum (filling material) 7.5 Dispersionadditives 0.5 Defoamers 1.0 Thickener 13.5 Water

Hardener Component

Content in Weight % Raw Material 80.0 Aliphatic polyisocyanate based onHDI 15.0 Adhesion promoter 5.0 Aromatic hydrocarbons

Test specimens from various substrates were provided with the coatingsaccording to the present invention and examined. Sandwich panels with ahoneycomb core made of phenolic resin-impregnated paper and with outerlayers of glass fiber fabric impregnated with phenolic resin were usedas the substrate A. Monolithic glass fiber laminates made of phenolicresin impregnated glass fiber fabric were used as substrate B, andaluminum plates as substrate C. To prepare the test specimens, thebinder component and the hardener component were mixed in the molarratio 1:1.8 based on the amounts of the OH groups of the binder and theNCO groups of the hardener. The resulting mixture was applied to thesurfaces of the substrates A, B and C by spray application. The appliedlayer was flashed off at room temperature for 15 minutes and then curedat 60° C. for 30 minutes. The cured coatings have dry film thicknessesof 40 to 45 μm. The test specimens A1 and A2 were coated with substrateA with the composition according to Examples 1 and 2. The test specimensB1 and B2 were coated with substrate B with the composition according toExamples 1 and 2. The test specimens C1 and C2 were coated withsubstrate C with the composition according to Examples 1 and 2.

The strengths were tested for a solution of 5 wt % of Turco® 5948-DPMdetergent (manufacturer: Henkel KG) in tap water and isopropanol. Thetest specimens were stored at 23° C. for 168 hours completely immersedin the solution of the detergent or in isopropanol. The test specimenswere then wiped and conditioned for 24 hours at 23° C. and 50% relativeatmospheric humidity.

Determination of Scratch Resistance

A scraper loaded with a weight was placed on the coating to be testedwith the tip and was pulled over the surface perpendicularly on thesurface to be tested. It was visually assessed whether the testedcoating had a scratching track. The maximum mass of the weight withwhich the scoring tool can be loaded without the coating being damagedduring the test is a measure of the scratch resistance of the coating.

Determination of Adhesion (Cross-Cut Test)

For a grid cut, six parallel cuts are applied to the coating of the testspecimens with a cutter knife. The cuts in the coating were deep enoughto reach the substrate surface without damaging the substrate surface.Six further parallel cuts were then made which were perpendicular to thefirst six parallel cuts to form an even square or lattice. The gridspacing was 1 mm. A clear or crepe tape strip with an adhesive force of8 to 10 N/25 mm was glued to the resulting square. This was removed atan angle of 60° in a time of 0.5 to 1 seconds. The grid or coating wasthen visually evaluated. The grid cut characteristic value Gt 0corresponds to a very good adhesion strength, while the characteristicvalue Gt 5 corresponds to a very poor adhesion strength.

The results are summed up in the following tables.

Adhesion

Test Specimen A1 B1 C1 A2 B2 C2 168 h at room temperature Gt 0 Gt 0 Gt 0Gt 0 Gt 0 Gt 0 168 h at 60° C. Gt 0 Gt 0 Gt 0 Gt 0 Gt 0 Gt 0 in Turco ®solution, 24 h at Gt 0 Gt 0 Gt 0 Gt 0 Gt 0 Gt 0 23° C. in isopropanol,24 h at 23° C. Gt 0 Gt 0 Gt 0 Gt 0 Gt 0 Gt 0

Scratch Resistance

Coating After Example 1 Example 2 168 h at room temperature 3800 g 4000g 168 h at 60° C. 4000 g 4000 g in Turco ® solution, 24 h at 23° C. 4100g 4200 g in isopropanol, 24 h at 23° C. 3500 g 3500 g

All test specimens show an unchanged good adhesion (Gt 0) of the coatingon the substrate and a high scratch resistance which is also notaffected by thermal stress or the action of chemicals.

Test specimens which were coated with the coating according to Example 2were additionally tested for their fire behavior. All testing of thefire behavior was carried out in accordance with the regulations of theUnited States Air Traffic Administration (Code of Federal Regulations,14 CFR Ch. I (1-1-92) Federal Aviation Administration, U.S. Departmentof Transportation).

Determination of Flammability

The flammability of the coatings was determined according to Pt. 25 App.F part. I para 5. A horizontally arranged coated specimen was flamedwith a gas burner for 60 seconds. The length distance was subsequentlydetermined which was burned onto the coating (fire length). The durationof time during which the coating continues to burn after the removal ofthe gas burner (after-burning time) or the time the burning materialfrom the test specimen drips (post-drip time) was also determined.Sandwich panels A2 and monolithic glass fiber laminate B2 were used astest specimens for this test.

Determination of the Specific Optical Flue Gas Density

The specific optical flue gas density of the flue gases generated duringthe burning of the coating was determined according to Pt. 25 App. Fpart. V. Sandwich panels A2 were used as test specimens for this test.

Determination of Flue Gas Composition

The composition of the fumes generated during the burning of thecoatings on toxic ingredients was investigated. The smoke was therebyexamined in the context of the above examination of the specific opticalsmoke density smoke and the concentration of hydrogen cyanide (HCN),carbon monoxide (CO), nitrous gases (NO_(x)), sulfur dioxide (SO₂),hydrogen chloride (HCl), and hydrogen fluoride (HF) in the flue gasdetermined. Sandwich panels A2 were used as test specimens for thistest.

Determination of Heat Release

The heat release was determined according to Pt. 25 App. F part. IV. Thetotal heat release occurring during the burning of the coating as wellas the maximum occurring heating power were measured. Sandwich panels A2and aluminum plates C2 were used as test specimens for this test.

The results are summed up in the following tables.

Flammability

Test Specimen A2 B2 Fire length [mm] 47 25 After-burning time [s] 3 0Dripping time [s] 0 0

Specific Flue Gas Density and Flue Gas Composition

Test Specimen A2 Spec. flue gas density 15 c(HCN) in [ppm] 2.5 c(CO) in[ppm] 80 c(NO_(x)) in [ppm] 7 c(SO₂) in [ppm] 4 c(HF) in [ppm] 0 c(HCl)in [ppm] 0

Heat Release

Test Specimen A2 C2 Total heat release in [kW/m²] 29 8 Maximum power in[kW min/m²] 30 5

The present invention is not limited to embodiments described herein;reference should be had to the appended claims.

What is claimed is: 1-15. (canceled)
 16. A coating material forproducing a barrier layer on a plastic substrate, the coating materialcomprising: an isocyanate-containing hardener component; and ahydroxy-functional binder component comprising, an aqueous polymerdispersion comprising a polyphenylene ether or a copolymer offluorinated ethylene and a vinyl ether, glass hollow bodies, and atleast one of an inorganic filler and an inorganic pigment.
 17. Thecoating material as recited in claim 16, wherein the hydroxy-functionalbinder component comprises a pigment volume concentration of 40 to 80%.18. The coating material as recited in claim 16, wherein thehydroxy-functional binder component comprises the aqueous polymerdispersion in an amount of 10 to 40 wt % based on a total weight of thehydroxy-functional binder component.
 19. The coating material as recitedin claim 16, wherein the aqueous polymer dispersion comprises thecopolymers of the fluorinated ethylene and the vinyl ether.
 20. Thecoating material as recited in claim 16, wherein the hydroxy-functionalbinder component comprises from 10 to 30 vol % of the glass hollowbodies based on a total volume of the hydroxy-functional bindercomponent.
 21. The coating material as recited in claim 16, wherein thehydroxy-functional binder component comprises from 5 to 40 wt % of theat least one of the inorganic filler and the inorganic pigment based ona total weight of the hydroxy-functional binder component.
 22. Thecoating material as recited in claim 21, wherein the inorganic filler isselected from a precipitated calcium carbonate, a barite, blanc fixe,talcum, pyrophyllite, a chlorite, hornblende and mica.
 23. The coatingmaterial as recited in claim 16, wherein the inorganic pigment isselected from titanium dioxide, zinc sulfide, lithopone, zinc oxide,antimony oxide, iron oxide yellow, nickel titanium yellow, molybdenumorange, iron oxide red, copper oxide, molybdenum red, ultramarine red,mixed phase red, mineral violet, manganese violet, ultramarine violet,iron blue, ultramarine blue, cobalt blue, chromoxide green,chromoxidhydrate green, ultramarine green, mixed phase green pigments,iron oxide brown, mixed-phase brown, iron oxide black, antimony sulfide,graphite, gas black, thermal black, furnace black, flame black, andacetylene black.
 24. The coating material as recited in claim 16,wherein the hydroxy-functional binder component further comprises aflame retardant which is selected from a hydroxide, an oxide hydrate ofMg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn and Al, a phosphate of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn and Al, anammonium polyphosphate, a borate, an antimony oxide in combination witha halogen-containing organic flame retardant, red phosphorus, borax, andan expandable graphite.
 25. The coating material as recited in claim 16,wherein the isocyanate-containing hardener component comprises apolyisocyanate selected from diphenylmethane diisocyanate MDI, anoligomer based on toluylene diisocyanate TDI, a polymer based ontoluylene diisocyanate TDI, diphenylmethane diisocyanate MDI,hexamethylene diisocyanate HDI, isophorone diisocyanate IPDI,4,4′-Dicyclohexylmethane HMDI, m-xylylene diisocyanate XDI,1,6-diisocyanatotrimethylhexane TMDI, tetramethylxylylene diisocyanateTMXDI, and mixtures thereof.
 26. The coating material as recited inclaim 16, wherein the hydroxy-functional binder component and theisocyanate-containing hardener component have a molar ratio of OH groupsof the hydroxy-functional binder component to NCO groups of theisocyanate-containing hardener component in a range of from 1:0.8 to1:2.6.
 27. A method of using the coating material as recited in claim 16in a coating system for a priming of a plastic substrate surface or afiber-plastic composite material substrate, the method comprising:providing the coating system as recited in claim 16; providing theplastic substrate surface or the fiber-plastic composite materialsubstrate; and applying the coating system on the plastic substratesurface or on the fiber-plastic composite material substrate as aprimer.
 28. A method for producing a coating system on a component madeof a plastic or a fiber-plastic composite material, the methodcomprising: preparing a surface of the plastic or a surface of thefiber-plastic composite material; applying the coating material asrecited in claim 16 onto the surface of the plastic or onto the surfaceof the fiber-plastic composite material to obtain an applied coatingmaterial; curing the applied coating material to obtain a cured coatingmaterial; and applying a varnish to the cured coating material.
 29. Themethod as recited in claim 28, wherein the appling of the coatingmaterial is performed by an electrostatic application method or by apneumatic compressed air injection method.
 30. An interior componentcomprising a plastic or a fiber-plastic composite each of which compriseat least one coating comprising the coating material as recited in claim16.